Kurt Lewis and Francisco Vazquez-Grande, "Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest: a Note on Transitory Shocks", Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2019, pp. 425-436. The data file (data-lvg.csv) is an ASCII file in DOS format. It is zipped in the file lvg-data.zip. The data file contains 11 columns with 231 rows, including headers. The columns are: Column 1, dates: The dates used are the final day of each quarter beginning in 1960-Q1 and ending in 2017-Q2 Column 2, lgdp: The natural log of Real GDP from the BEA Column 3, infl: The annualized quarterly growth rate of the price index for personal consumption expeditures, excluding food and energy ("core PCE inflation") Column 4, lgdpl1: The first lag of the lgdp series Column 5, lgdpl2: The second lag of the lgdp series Column 6, infll1: The first lag of the infl series Column 7, infll2: The second lag of the infl series Column 8, infll3: The third lag of the infl series Column 9, infll4: The fourth lag of the infl series Column 10, ratel1: The real short interest rate from the previous quarter. The real short rate is calculated from a nominal short rate, from which we subtract off the 4-quarter moving average of inflation (core PCE inflation) as a proxy of short-term inflation expectations. The nominal short rate is the annualized nominal effective federal funds rate, where the quarterly value is constructed from the average of the monthly values. Prior to 1965, we use the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's discount rate in place of the effective federal funds rate. Column 11, ratel2: The real short interest rate from two quarters earlier