Libertad González, "Nonparametric Bounds on the Returns to Language Skills", Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 2005, No. 6, 2005, pp. 771-795. The data are in the file gdata.txt, an ASCII file in DOS format that is zipped in the file gdata.zip. The data set contains 13 variables and 82,250 observations. The source of the data is the 1% PUMS of the 1990 US Census. Observations have been kept for individuals reporting a Hispanic first ancestry, aged between 16 and 64 years old, with positive earnings, weeks worked, and hours worked per week. The variables are located in the following columns: gender 1-2 age 4-5 year 7-8 educ 10-11 ancestry 13-15 ep 17 emp 19 occup 21-23 class 25 weeks 27-28 hours 30-31 earnings 23-38 exp 40-41 Definition of the variables: GENDER: A dummy for females. AGE: Years of age (16 to 64). YEAR: Year of entry in the United States. Takes values from 0 to 10. 0. 1987 to 1990. 1. 1985 to 1986. 2. 1982 to 1984. 3. 1980 to 1981. 4. 1975 to 1979. 5. 1970 to 1974. 6. 1965 to 1969. 7. 1960 to 1964. 8. 1950 to 1959. 9. Before 1950. 10. Born in the U.S. EDUC: Number of years of education (from 0 to 20). ANCESTRY: Ancestry code (all are Hispanic). See ancestry codes from 1% PUMS, 1990 US Census. EP: English proficiency level (ordinal, from 1 to 5). 1. Not at all. 2. Not well. 3. Well. 4. Very well. 5. Only English at home. EMP: Employment status (from 1 to 6). 1. Civilian employed, at work. 2. Civilian employed, with a job but not at work. 3. Unemployed. 4. Armed forces, at work. 5. Armed forces, with a job but not at work. 6. Not in labor force. OCCUP: Occupation codes (3 to 905). See occupation codes from 1% PUMS, 1990 US Census. CLASS: Class of worker (1 to 8). See class of worker codes from 1% PUMS, 1990 US Census. WEEKS: Weeks worked in 1989 (1 to 52). HOURS: Usual hours worked per week (1 to 99). EARNINGS: Wages or salary income in 1989. EXP: Years of potential experience (0 to 58). Labels, Means and Standard Deviations Variable Label N Mean Std Dev ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GENDER Gender 82250 0.4261033 0.4945121 AGE Age (16 to 64) 82250 33.7595137 11.6111413 YEAR Year of entry 82250 2.5282675 2.9803810 EDUC Number of years of education 82250 10.6899453 3.9000642 ANCESTRY Ancestry 82250 231.6487538 31.1418471 EP English Proficiency 82250 3.5118298 1.1620040 EMP Employment status 82250 1.6589422 1.5205860 OCCUP Occupation 82250 470.0821155 243.9632434 CLASS Class of worker 82250 1.5572036 1.2859825 WEEKS Weeks worked in 1989 82250 41.5795623 14.8824579 HOURS Usual hours worked per week 82250 39.2224681 12.1185783 EARNINGS Wages or salary income in 1989 82250 15399.02 15126.96 EXP Years of Experience 82250 17.0806687 12.6517636 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------