Esfandiar Maasoumi & Daniel Millimet, "Robust Inference Concerning Recent Trends in U.S. Environmental Quality", Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2005, pp. 55-77. The data set is a panel (U.S. counties in the years 1988, 1994, 1995, and 1999). The pollution data were obtained from the U.S. EPA Toxic Release Inventory (http://www.epa.gov/tri/tridata/index.htm). Data on average wages were obtained from the U.S. County Business Patterns (http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html). The data are organized in one file with 15 variables and 12,564 observations, with three lines per observation. The data used in the paper are stored in the ASCII file mmjae.data, which is in DOS format and zipped in mmjae.zip. Unix users should use "unzip -a". The region variable is missing for counties in Alaska and Hawaii; these states are excluded from the regional analysis in the paper. Data on average wages are missing for some counties as well. These observations were excluded from the conditional stochastic dominance tests. Missing values are indicated by ".". The order of the variables and summary statistics are listed below. obs: 12,564 vars: 15 variable name type format label variable label fips long %12.0g county code region float %9.0g region assignment t int %8.0g year, 19XX air double %12.0g air1+air2 water double %12.0g water land double %12.0g land under double %12.0g undergrd injections total double %12.0g air+water+under+land air_88 double %12.0g air1+air2, 88 core water_88 double %12.0g water, 88 core land_88 double %12.0g land, 88 core under_88 double %12.0g undergrd injections, 88 core total_88 double %12.0g air+water+under+land, 88 core pop long %12.0g population awages double %12.0g ave. wage per job, 96$ Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- fips | 12564 30428.43 15147.4 1001 56045 region | 12435 2.62115 .7920425 1 4 t | 12564 94 3.937161 88 99 air | 12564 569029.8 2342980 0 1.10e+08 water | 12564 68612.28 1274669 0 1.20e+08 -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- land | 12564 170034.4 2629665 0 1.88e+08 under | 12564 173039.4 3555268 0 1.93e+08 total | 12564 980715.9 6197297 0 3.36e+08 air_88 | 12564 437033.2 1962299 0 1.02e+08 water_88 | 12564 7336.322 110519.7 0 8885350 -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- land_88 | 12564 99916.02 1409972 0 5.58e+07 under_88 | 12564 43001.11 720838.2 0 2.92e+07 total_88 | 12564 587286.7 2721859 0 1.02e+08 pop | 12564 82801.66 272158.8 53 9329989 awages | 12430 20788.47 4737.245 0 62003.8